Researchers have overcome a longstanding challenge in organic semiconductors, unlocking new potential for future electronics.
A team led by the University of Cambridge and the Eindhoven University of Technology has developed an organic semiconductor that forces electrons to move in a spiral pattern. This advancement could improve the efficiency of OLED displays in televisions and smartphones while paving the way for next-generation technologies such as spintronics and quantum computing.
A New Approach to Controlling Electron Motion
The newly developed semiconductor emits circularly polarized light, meaning the light carries information about the handedness of electrons. In most conventional semiconductors, such as silicon, electrons move symmetrically without a preferred direction. However, in nature, many molecules exhibit chirality, meaning they have a distinct left- or right-handed structure—just like human hands.
Chirality is essential in biological processes, such as DNA formation, but controlling it in electronic materials has been a long-standing challenge. Inspired by nature, the researchers used molecular design techniques to create a chiral semiconductor, guiding stacks of semiconducting molecules into orderly, spiral-shaped columns with a preferred handedness. Their results, published in Science, demonstrate how this unique structure influences electron behavior.
A Game Changer for Display Technology
One promising application of chiral semiconductors is in display technology. Current OLED displays waste a significant amount of energy when filtering light. The chiral semiconductor developed by the research team emits light in a way that naturally reduces these energy losses, making screens brighter and more energy-efficient.
"When I started working with organic semiconductors, many people doubted their potential, but now they dominate display technology," said Professor Sir Richard Friend from Cambridge's Cavendish Laboratory, who co-led the study. "Unlike rigid inorganic semiconductors, molecular materials offer incredible flexibility—allowing us to design entirely new structures, like chiral LEDs. It's like working with a Lego set with every shape imaginable, rather than just rectangular bricks."
The Power of Triazatruxene
The breakthrough semiconductor is based on a material called triazatruxene (TAT), which self-assembles into a helical stack. This structure allows electrons to spiral along its form, much like the threads of a screw.
"When excited by blue or ultraviolet light, self-assembled TAT emits bright green light with strong circular polarization—an effect that has been difficult to achieve in semiconductors until now," explained co-first author Marco Preuss from the Eindhoven University of Technology. "The structure of TAT allows electrons to move efficiently while influencing how light is emitted."
Record-Breaking OLED Performance
By adapting standard OLED fabrication techniques, the researchers successfully integrated TAT into circularly polarized OLEDs (CP-OLEDs). These devices set new records for efficiency, brightness, and polarization, making them the most advanced CP-OLEDs ever created.
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"We've essentially reworked the standard recipe for making OLEDs, like those in our smartphones, to trap a chiral structure within a stable, non-crystallizing matrix," said co-first author Rituparno Chowdhury from Cambridge's Cavendish Laboratory. "This provides a practical way to create circularly polarized LEDs—something that has long eluded the field."
A Step Toward Spintronics and Quantum Computing
The work is part of a decades-long collaboration between Friend's research group and the group of Professor Bert Meijer from the Eindhoven University of Technology.
"This is a real breakthrough in making a chiral semiconductor," said Meijer. "By carefully designing the molecular structure, we've successfully linked chirality to electron motion, something never achieved at this level before."
Chiral semiconductors represent a major advancement in the $60 billion organic semiconductor industry. Beyond improving displays, these materials hold promise for quantum computing and spintronics, a field that uses electron spin to store and process information. This approach could lead to faster and more secure computing systems, marking a significant step forward in next-generation electronics.
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